In the past, when someone wanted to fund something — be it a project, a company, or anything that required capital to start — there were a few ways to raise money. They could take on debt from a loan. They could raise money from friends, family members, and angel or VC investors. They could even take the "bootstrapping" route and scrounge up as much money as possible to fund the project themselves. In the late 2000s, a fourth option…